Essential Science Indicators^SM（基本科学指标，简称ESI）是基于SCIE（科学引文索引）和SSCI（社会科学引文索引）而建立的评价基准数据库。它能够帮助实现：

• 为研究人员和科研管理人员提供科研绩效的量化分析，了解在各研究领域中最领先的国家、期刊、科学家、论文和研究机构；

• 识别科学和社会科学领域的重要趋势和方向；

• 确定具体研究领域内的研究成果和影响。

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以下是ESI22个学科领域的期刊覆盖范围，具体期刊目录列表见左侧导航栏内的“ESI期刊列表”。

Agricultural Sciences

Agricultural Sciences covers journals in general agriculture, agricultural chemistry and engineering, agronomy, dairy science, and animal science as it relates to agricultural needs, as well as food science and nutrition. Topics covered include tillage research and soil science; agroforestry; horticulture; crop protection and science; pest control and weed science; agrochemistry; phytochemistry; agricultural biochemistry; food chemistry; cereal chemistry; carbohydrate and lipid research; food composition, additives, and contaminants; food microbiology and technology; agricultural engineering and processing; meat and dairy science; animal breeding; animal genetics, nutrition, and production; poultry science; nutrition and metabolism; and nutritional biochemistry. Clinical nutrition also maps here. Agricultural economics maps to Economics & Business.

农业科学涵盖了一般农业、农业化学与工程、农艺学、乳品科学以及与农业需求相关的动物科学，还包括食品科学与营养学。涉及的主题包括耕作研究与土壤科学；农林复合经营；园艺学；作物保护与科学；病虫害控制与杂草科学；农业化学；植物化学；农业生物化学；食品化学；谷物化学；碳水化合物与脂质研究；食品成分、添加剂与污染物；食品微生物学与技术；农业工程与加工；肉类与乳品科学；动物育种；动物遗传学、营养学与生产；家禽科学；营养与代谢；营养生物化学。临床营养也归属于此。农业经济学归属于经济与商业类别。

Biology & Biochemistry

Biology & Biochemistry covers a broad range of general topics. These include structure and chemistry of biological molecules; molecular, cellular, and clinical studies of the endocrine system (but does not include clinical endocrinology); regulation of cell, organ, and system functions by hormones; experimental research in general biology and biological systems; anatomy; physiology; cytology; pathology; morphology; proteomics; histochemistry; biophysics; regulation of biological functions at the whole organism level; exploitation of living organisms or their components; industrial microbiology; pollution remediation; industrial chemicals and enzymes; biosensors; bioelectronics; pesticide development; food, flavor, and fragrance industry applications; and waste treatment. Computational biology and life-science-related microscopy journals also map here.

生物学与生物化学涵盖了一系列广泛的通用主题。这些包括生物分子的结构与化学；内分泌系统的分子、细胞与临床研究（但不包括临床内分泌学）；激素对细胞、器官与系统功能的调节；一般生物学与生物系统的实验研究；解剖学；生理学；细胞学；病理学；形态学；蛋白质组学；组织化学；生物物理学；整体生物体水平的生物功能调节；利用生物体或其组成部分；工业微生物学；污染修复；工业化学品与酶；生物传感器；生物电子学；农药开发；食品、香料与香精工业应用；废物处理。计算生物学与生命科学相关显微镜学杂志也归属于此。

Chemistry

The Chemistry category covers a broad spectrum of topics within the chemical sciences, including analytical chemistry, inorganic and nuclear chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, crystallography, electrochemistry, chemical methods and structures, natural and laboratory syntheses, and isolation and analysis of clinically significant molecules. This category also covers instrumentation and spectroscopy journals. Miscellaneous and applied chemistry journals also map here.

Polymer science journals not largely related to Materials Science map here; otherwise, they map to Materials Science. Chemical engineering journals also map here, provided they deal exclusively with chemical engineering—if they deal with multiple forms of engineering, they map to Engineering.

化学类别涵盖了化学科学内的广泛主题，包括分析化学、无机与核化学、有机化学、物理化学、晶体学、电化学、化学方法与结构、天然与实验室合成，以及临床显著分子的分离与分析。此类别还涵盖了仪器与光谱学杂志。杂项与应用化学杂志也归属于此。与材料科学关联不大的聚合物科学杂志归属于此；否则，它们归属于材料科学。化学工程杂志也归属于此，前提是它们专门涉及化学工程——如果它们涉及多种形式的工程，则归属于工程类别。

Clinical Medicine

The Clinical Medicine category covers journals dealing with a wide range of medical and biomedical topics. These include anesthesia and critical care medicine, cardiovascular medicine and cardiology, dentistry, dermatology, general and internal medicine, endocrinology, environmental medicine, gastroenterology, gynecology, hepatology, hematology, legal medicine, nephrology, nuclear medicine, nursing, obstetrics and reproductive medicine, oncology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, pediatrics, radiology, respiratory medicine and pulmonology, rheumatology, surgery (including neurosurgery), and urology.

Clinical pharmacology as it relates to clinical trials maps here; otherwise pharmacology topics map to Pharmacology & Toxicology. All nutrition topics map to Agricultural Sciences. Ethics journals solely devoted to medical ethics map here. Journals dealing with the clinical aspects of substance abuse are classified here; those dealing with the social aspects map to Social Sciences, General.

临床医学类别涵盖了处理广泛医学与生物医学主题的杂志。这些包括麻醉与重症监护医学、心血管医学与心脏病学、牙科、皮肤科、一般与内科医学、内分泌学、环境医学、胃肠病学、妇产科学、肝病学、血液学、法律医学、肾脏病学、核医学、护理学、妇产科与生殖医学、肿瘤学、眼科学、耳鼻喉科学、儿科学、放射学、呼吸系统医学与肺病学、风湿病学、外科（包括神经外科）以及泌尿学。

临床药理学涉及临床试验的归属于此；否则，药理学主题归属于药理学与毒理学类别。所有营养主题归属于农业科学。专门致力于医学伦理学的伦理学杂志归属于此。处理物质滥用的临床方面的杂志分类于此；处理其社会方面的杂志归属于社会科学，一般类别。

Computer Science

Computer Science encompasses computer hardware and architecture, computer software, software engineering and design, computer graphics, programming languages, theoretical computing, computing methodologies, interdisciplinary computer applications, artificial intelligence theory, information systems and information technology, telecommunications, communications via various devices and systems, and acquisition, processing, storage, management, and dissemination of information. Bioinformatics journals also map here.

计算机科学包括计算机硬件与架构、计算机软件、软件工程与设计、计算机图形学、编程语言、理论计算、计算方法学、跨学科计算机应用、人工智能理论、信息系统与信息技术、电信、通过各种设备与系统的通信，以及信息的获取、处理、存储、管理与传播。生物信息学杂志也归属于此。

Economics & Business

The Economics & Business category includes journals which cover theoretical, political, agricultural, and developmental economics, as well as business, finance, management, organizational science, strategic planning and decision-making methods, and industrial relations and labor matters.

经济与商业类别包括涵盖理论、政治、农业与发展经济学，以及商业、金融、管理、组织科学、战略规划与决策方法，以及工业关系与劳工问题的杂志。

Engineering

Engineering includes publications covering a number of engineering disciplines, including aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, nuclear energy, civil engineering (which also encompasses water resources and supply and transportation and municipal engineering), the effects of humans on the environment and controls to minimize environmental degradation, applied artificial intelligence, robotics and automatic control, engineering mathematics (which encompasses mathematical modeling, optimization techniques, and statistical methods in engineering systems), energy and fuels, operations research, engineering management, construction and building technology, and the development, manufacture, and application of instruments.

Chemical engineering journals also related to other areas of engineering map here; otherwise they map to Chemistry.

工程包括涵盖多个工程学科的出版物，包括航空航天工程、机械工程、电气与电子工程、核能、土木工程（也包括水资源与供应以及交通与市政工程）、人类对环境的影响以及最小化环境退化的控制、应用人工智能、机器人学与自动控制、工程数学（包括工程系统中的数学建模、优化技术以及统计方法）、能源与燃料、运筹学、工程管理、建筑与建造技术，以及仪器的开发、制造与应用。与其他工程领域相关的化学工程杂志也归属于此；否则它们归属于化学类别。

Environment/Ecology

Environment/Ecology covers interrelated disciplines on pure and applied ecology, ecological modeling and engineering, ecotoxicology, evolutionary ecology, environmental contamination and toxicology, environmental health, environmental monitoring and management, environmental technology, environmental geology, water resources research, climate change, limnology, and biodiversity conservation. Natural history journals are also covered here. Environmental Studies subjects map to Social Sciences.

环境/生态学涵盖纯生态学与应用生态学、生态建模与工程、生态毒理学、进化生态学、环境污染与毒理学、环境健康、环境监测与管理、环境技术、环境地质学、水资源研究、气候变化、湖泊学以及生物多样性保护的跨相关学科。自然史杂志也涵盖于此。环境研究学科归属于社会科学。

Geosciences

The Geosciences category covers a broad range of journals related to physical studies of the Earth. These include geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geotechnics, economic geology, petrochemistry, mineralogy, meteorology and atmospheric sciences, hydrology, oceanography, petroleum geology, volcanology, seismology, climatology, paleontology, remote sensing, geodesy, and geological, petroleum, and mining engineering.

地球科学类别涵盖了与地球物理研究相关的广泛杂志。这些包括地质学、地球化学、地球物理学、岩土工程、经济地质学、石油化学、矿物学、气象学与大气科学、水文学、海洋学、石油地质学、火山学、地震学、气候学、古生物学、遥感、大地测量学，以及地质、石油与采矿工程。

Immunology

The category of Immunology incorporates journals containing cellular and molecular studies in immunology; clinical research in immunopathology; infectious diseases; autoimmunity and allergy; host-pathogen interactions in infectious diseases; and experimental therapeutic applications of immunomodulating agents.

免疫学类别包含包含免疫学的细胞与分子研究的杂志；免疫病理学的临床研究；传染病；自身免疫与过敏；传染病中宿主-病原体相互作用；以及免疫调节剂的实验性治疗应用。

Materials Science

The Materials Science category deals with journals covering the admixtures of matter or the basic materials from which products are constructed. These include ceramics, paper and wood products, textiles, composites, coatings and films, biomaterials, metals and alloys, metallurgy, superconductors and semiconductors, ferroelectrics, dielectrics, and the application of chemistry to materials design and testing. Polymer journals largely related to Materials Science map here; otherwise they map to Chemistry.

材料科学类别涉及涵盖物质混合物或构建产品的基本材料的杂志。这些包括陶瓷、纸张与木材产品、纺织品、复合材料、涂层与薄膜、生物材料、金属与合金、冶金学、超导体与半导体、铁电体、电介质，以及化学在材料设计与测试中的应用。与材料科学关联密切的聚合物杂志归属于此；否则它们归属于化学类别。

Mathematics

The Mathematics category comprises journals dealing with pure and applied mathematics as well as statistics and probability.

数学类别包括处理纯数学与应用数学以及统计学与概率的杂志。

Microbiology

The Microbiology category contains journals dealing with biology and biochemistry of protozoa and microorganisms (bacterial, viral, and parasitic), medical implications of the subsets of these organisms known to cause diseases, and the biotechnology applications of microorganisms for basic science or clinical use. Fungi journals are not mapped to this category, but rather to Plant & Animal Science.

微生物学类别包含处理原生动物与微生物（细菌、病毒与寄生虫）的生物学与生物化学的杂志；这些生物体已知可引起疾病的子集的医学意义；以及微生物在基础科学或临床应用中的生物技术应用。真菌杂志不归属于此类别，而是归属于植物与动物科学。

Molecular Biology & Genetics

Molecular Biology & Genetics covers all aspects of basic and applied genetics, as well as research that has specific emphasis on cellular functions in eukaryotic systems. These topics include biochemistry in eukaryotic systems; receptor biology; signal transduction; regulation of gene expression; morphogenesis; cell-environment interactions; molecular genetics; developmental genetics; developmental biology; biomedical engineering; mechanisms of mutagenesis; structure, function, and regulation of genetic material; clinical genetics; patterns of inheritance; genetics causes of diseases; and screening for and treatment of genetic diseases. General cell biology journals also map here.

分子生物学与遗传学涵盖基础与应用遗传学的所有方面，以及在真核系统中特别强调细胞功能的研究。这些主题包括真核系统中的生物化学；受体生物学；信号转导；基因表达调节；形态发生；细胞-环境相互作用；分子遗传学；发育遗传学；发育生物学；生物医学工程；突变机制；遗传物质的结构、功能与调节；临床遗传学；遗传模式；遗传病的病因；以及遗传病的筛查与治疗。一般细胞生物学杂志也归属于此。

Multidisciplinary

This category includes journals of a broad or general character in the sciences and covers the spectrum of major scientific disciplines. It also includes journals devoted to a multidisciplinary approach to the study of particular regions, ecosystems, or biological systems, as well as interdisciplinary journals designed to illuminate significant connections between fields.

跨学科类别包括在科学领域中具有广泛或一般性质的杂志，并涵盖了主要科学学科的范围。它还包括致力于特定地区、生态系统或生物系统研究的跨学科方法的杂志，以及旨在阐明领域间重要联系的跨学科杂志。

Neuroscience & Behavior

Neuroscience & Behavior includes journals that cover cellular and molecular neuroscience, neuronal development, basic and clinical neurology, psychopharmacology, biobehavioral psychology, molecular psychology, and neuronal function underlying higher cognitive processes. Neurosurgery is not covered in this category, but rather in Clinical Medicine with other surgical journals.

神经科学与行为包括涵盖细胞与分子神经科学、神经元发育、基础与临床神经病学、精神药理学、生物行为心理学、分子心理学，以及支撑更高认知过程的神经元功能的杂志。神经外科不涵盖于此类别，而是归属于临床医学与其他外科杂志类别。

Pharmacology & Toxicology

Pharmacology covers journals dealing with pharmacology; pharmaceutics, cellular and molecular pharmacology; drug design and metabolism; mechanisms of drug action; drug delivery; natural products and traditional medicines; xenobiotics; medicinal chemistry; and mechanisms of action for clinical therapeutics.

Toxicology covers journals dealing with molecular and cellular effects of harmful substances, environmental toxicology, occupational exposure, and clinical toxicology.

药理学与毒理学，药理学涵盖处理药理学的杂志；药剂学、细胞与分子药理学；药物设计与代谢；药物作用机制；药物输送；天然产品与传统医学；外来物；药物化学；以及临床治疗学的药物作用机制。

毒理学涵盖处理有害物质的分子与细胞效应、环境毒理学、职业暴露以及临床毒理学的杂志。

Physics

Physics includes journals covering articles from all areas of physics and the following subfields: mathematical physics, particle and nuclear physics, physics of fluids and plasmas, quantum physics, theoretical physics, chemical physics, applied physics, condensed matter physics, physics of materials, and optics and acoustics.

物理包括涵盖物理学所有领域以及以下子领域的文章的杂志：数学物理、粒子与核物理、流体与等离子体物理、量子物理、理论物理、化学物理、应用物理、凝聚态物理、材料物理，以及光学与声学。

Plant & Animal Science

Plant Science covers general botany journals as well as non-agricultural plant research, including regional botany, mycology, bryology, plant physiology, forestry, plant pathology, economic botany, aquatic botany and toxicology, marine ecology, plant nutrition, photosynthesis research, experimental botany, and cellular and molecular biology or physiology of plant cells and plant systems.

Animal Science covers non-agricultural animal science journals. Topics include animal behavior, health, and genetics; veterinary medicine; lab animal science; marine and freshwater biology; fisheries science; aquaculture; entomology; evolutionary biology; wildlife research; and zoology, encompassing primatology, mammalogy, ornithology, herpetology, nematology, and malacology.

植物与动物科学，植物科学涵盖一般植物学杂志以及非农业植物研究，包括区域植物学、真菌学、苔藓学、植物生理学、林学、植物病理学、经济植物学、水生植物学与毒理学、海洋生态学、植物营养学、光合作用研究、实验植物学，以及植物细胞与植物系统的细胞与分子生物学或生理学。

动物科学涵盖非农业动物科学杂志。主题包括动物行为、健康与遗传学；兽医学；实验动物学；海洋与淡水生物学；渔业科学；水产养殖；昆虫学；进化生物学；野生动物研究；以及涵盖灵长类学、哺乳动物学、鸟类学、爬行动物学、线虫学以及蛛形纲动物学的动物学。

Psychiatry/Psychology

All areas of psychiatry and psychology are covered in this category, including applied, biological, clinical, developmental, educational, mathematical, organizational, personal, and social, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

精神病学/心理学涵盖此类别的所有精神病学与心理学领域，包括应用、生物、临床、发展、教育、数学、组织、个人与社会，以及精神障碍的诊断与治疗。

Social Sciences, General

The Social Sciences category includes journals which cover communication, environmental studies, library and information sciences, political science, public health and administration, rehabilitation, social work and social policy, sociology, anthropology, law, education, linguistics, tourism and hospitality, and demography. Journals covering the history and philosophy of science also map to this category. Ethics journals are classified here, unless they deal strictly with medical ethics, then they map to Clinical Medicine. Journals dealing with the social aspects of substance abuse map here; any with clinical aspects map to Clinical Medicine.

社会科学，一般类别包括涵盖通信、环境研究、图书馆与信息科学、政治科学、公共卫生与行政、康复、社会工作与社会政策、社会学、人类学、法律、教育、语言学、旅游与酒店业，以及人口学的杂志。涵盖科学历史与哲学的杂志也归属于此类别。伦理学杂志分类于此，除非它们严格涉及医学伦理学，那么它们归属于临床医学。处理物质滥用的社会方面的杂志归属于此；任何具有临床方面的杂志归属于临床医学。

Space Sciences

The Space Science category covers journals dealing with all areas of astronomy and astrophysics, celestial bodies, and observation and interpretation of radiation from the component parts of the universe.

空间科学类别涵盖处理天文学与天体物理学所有领域、天体，以及宇宙组成部分辐射的观测与解释的杂志。

Arts & Humanities

Arts & Humanities are not covered in ESI.

艺术与人文科学不包括在ESI（基本科学指标）内。